Simple Past Tense

SIMPLE PAST TENSE

● Simple Past Tense asıl olarak geçmişteki
olayları anlatmak için kullanılır. Aşağıda bu zamanın kullanımlarını
ayrıntılı biçimde görebilirsiniz.

Auxiliary verbs (Yardımcı
fiiller): did/didn't


ÖRNEK TABLO



DİKKAT! Olumlu cümlelerde herhangi bir yardımcı
fiil gelmez ve fiilin ikinci hali kullanılır. Olumsuz ve soru
cümlelerinde did veya
didn't yardımcı fiili kullanılır ve
fiil yalın haliyle kalır.

EXAMPLES (ÖRNEKLER):

( ) I visited my uncle. (Amcamı ziyaret ettim)
(Bu cümle olumludur ve görüldüğü gibi fiilin ikinci hali
kullanılmıştır.)

(-) I didn't visit
my uncle yesterday. (Dün amcamı ziyaret etmedim.)
(Bu cümle olumsuzdur ve didn't yardımcı fiili kullanıldığı için
fiil yalın haliyle gelmiştir.)

(?) Did I visit my uncle yesterday. (Dün amcamı ziyaret
ettim mi?)
(Bu cümle soru cümlesidir ve "did" yardımcı fiili geldiği için fiil
yine yalın haliyle kullanılmıştır.)

REGULAR AND IRREGULAR VERBS (Düzenli
ve düzensiz fiiller)

● İngilizce'de fiiller düzenli ve düzensiz
olarak ikiye ayrılır. Düzenli fiilerin ikinci halini kullanmak için
fiilin sonuna -ed takısı eklenir.

Example: want
>> wanted
clean >> cleaned
wash >> washed

● Düzensiz fiiller adından da anlaşılacağı
gibi düzensiz olarak değişirler bu yüzden ezberlenmesi gerekir. Düzensiz
fiil tablosunu
görmek için tıklayın.


Example: go >>
went

swim >> swam
do >> did
USES (KULLANIMLARI)
● USE 1 Completed Action in the Past
(Geçmişte
tamamlanmış eylemler)

Use the
Simple Past to express the idea that an action started and finished at a
specific time in the past. Sometimes the speaker may not actually
mention the specific time, but they do have one specific time in mind.


(Simple Past Tense geçmişte belirli bir zamanda başlamış ve
bitmiş eylemler için kullanılır. Bazen konuşan kişi tam olarak bir zaman
belirtmeyebilir, ama mutlaka cümlede bir geçmiş zaman fikri vardır.)


EXAMPLES:

I saw a movie
yesterday. (Dün bir
film seyrettim.)

I didn't see a
movie yesterday.
(Dün bir film seyretmedim.)

Last year, I traveled
to Italy. (Geçen
yıl İtalya'ya seyahat ettim.)

Last year, I didn't
travel to Italy.
(Geçen yıl İtalya'ya seyahat etmedim.)

She washed her
hands. (Ellerini
yıkadı)

She didn't wash
her hands. (Ellerini
yıkamadı)

● USE 2 A Series of Completed Actions

(Geçmişte tamamlanmış eylemler serisi)

We use
the Simple Past to list a series of completed actions in the past.

(Simple Past Tense'i geçmişte tamamlanmış birkaç eylemi arka
arkaya anlatmak için kullanırız.

EXAMPLES:

I finished
work, walked to the
beach, and found a nice
place to swim.
(İşlerimi bitirdim, sahile yürüdüm
ve yüzmek için güzel bir yer buldum.)

He arrived from
the airport at 8:00, checked
into the hotel at 9:00, and met
the others at 10:00.
(Havaalanından saat 8'de geldi,
9'da otele kaydını yaptırdı ve diğerleriyle 10'da buluştu.)

● USE 3 Single Duration

(Tek süreç)

The Simple Past can be used with a duration which starts and stops
in the past. A duration is a long action often used with expressions
like "for two years," "for five minutes," "all day" or "all year."


(Simple Past Tense geçmişte
başlamış ve bitmiş bir süreci anlatırken kullanılır. Bu süreç uzundur ve

genelde "iki yıldır", "tüm gün" veya "tüm yıl" gibi zaman ifadeleriyle
kullanılır.)

EXAMPLES:

I lived in
Turkey for two years.
(İki yıl Türkiye'de yaşadım.)

Ahmet studied English for five years.
(Ahmet beş yıl İngilizce çalıştı.)

They sat at
the beach all day.
(Tüm gün sahilde oturdular.)

We talked on the
phone for thirty minutes.
(Yarım saat telefonda konuştuk.)

How long did you
wait for them?

We waited for
one hour.

(Onları ne kadar beklediniz?
Bir saat bekledik.)

● USE 4 Habit in the Past
( Geçmişteki
alışkanlıklar)
The Simple Past can also be used to describe a habit which stopped
in the past. It can have the same meaning as "used to". To make it clear
that we are talking about a habit we often use expressions such as
"always," "often," "usually," "never," "...when I was a child" or
"...when I was younger" in the sentence.

(Simple Past Tense aynı zamanda
geçmişte vazgeçtiğimiz alışkanlıklar için de kullanılır. "used to"
kalıbıyla aynı amaçla kullanılabilir. Bahsettiğimiz eylemin bir
alışkanlık olduğunu açıkça belirtmek için cümlelerde "always" (daima), "often" (sık sık),
"usually" (genellikle) ve
"never" (asla)gibi zaman ifadeleri kullanılır.

EXAMPLES:

I played
basketball when I was a child.
(Çocukken basketbol oynardım.)

He played the
guitar.
(Gitar çalardı.)

She worked at
the hospital after school.
(Okuldan sonra hastanede
çalışırdı.)

They never went to
school, they always skipped.

(Hiç okula gitmezlerdi, hep
kaçarlardı.)

TIME EXPRESSIONS IN SIMPLE PAST TENSE
Time expressions zaman belirten
ifadelerdir ve İngilizce'de her zaman için farklı ifadeler kullanılır.
Özellikle sınavlarda cümlenin hangi tense olduğunu anlamak için time
expression'ların bilinmesi çok önemlidir.

yesterday (dün) I
went to theatre yesterday. (Dün sinemaya gittim.)

last week/year/Sunday etc.
(Geçen hafta/yıl/Pazar vs.) He
bought a car last week. (Geçen hafta araba aldı.)

two years/four days/three minutes ago
(iki yıl/dört gün/üç dakika önce) I saw her two minutes ago. (İki dakika önce onu gördüm.

Last night (dün gece) I watched a movie last night on TV. (Dün gece televizyonda bir film
izledim.)

The Simple Past Tense

The simple past is a tense used to describe complete actions or events
that took place in some time before now. The time can be specified by
using some adverbs, for example: yesterday, last night, last week, last
month, last year, and so on. It is important to keep in mind that the
formation of this tense is different if you are working with the verb to
be or if you are working with the rest of the verbs. Let's begin then
with the verb To Be. Although the past form of the verbs is the same for
all the personal pronouns, the verb "to be" has two forms:

* I was
* he was
* she was
* it was
* you were
* they were
* we were
* you were

WAS for I, he, she, it and WERE for we, you , they. Look at these
examples:

* She was worried about her grades in school.
* Maurice and Martha were in Washington last week.
* Joseph was very tired, but now he is fine.
* Last christmas we were in my grandma's house.
* Yesterday they were very busy.

Remember that the past tense of "to be" follows the same structure we
explained before. So, when you want to turn these sentences into
questions you have to do the same changes you do for the present tense.
Look:

* Was she worried about her grades in school?
* Were Maurice and Martha in Washington last week?
* Was Joseph was very tired?
* Were they in your grandma's house last christmas?
* Were they very busy yesterday?

In the same way, if you want to change an affirmative sentence to
negative you just have to add the negative particle not after the verb
"to be":

* She was not worried about her grades in school.
* Maurice and Martha were not in Washington last week.
* Joseph was not very tired, but now he is.
* Last christmas we were not in my grandma's house.
* Yesterday they were not very busy.

Remember that the contractions of the verb "to be" and the negative word
not are common in spoken language.
The past tense for the other verbs in English is a little more
complicated. Some are regular verbs and follow one rule. Others are
irregular verbs and their forms are very different from the infinitive.
It requires that you learn the past form of every verb.

Let's begin with the regular verbs:

These verbs form their past by adding the particle -ed at the end of the
infinitive. For example:

* want -------> wanted
* copy -------> copied
* sign -------> signed
* fade -------> faded
* watch -------> watched

Now, see the verbs in context:

* My mother and her sister wanted to go shopping yesterday.
* She copied many things and now she does not have money.
* You signed a contract with a very important company.
Congratulations!
* The snow flakes faded slowly.
* My family always watched "The Wonder Years".

You already know that to make interrogative sentences we need an
auxiliary. In the present we used DO and DOES For the past tense we use
DID:

* Did your mother and her sister want to go shopping yesterday?
* Did she copy many things and now she does not have money?
* Did you sign a contract with a very important company?
Congratulations!
* Did the snow flakes fade slowly?
* Did your family always watch "The Wonder Years"?

Just apply the structure of the present tense to the past to form
negative sentences:

* My mother and her sister did not want to go shopping yesterday.
* She did not copy many things and now she has money.
* You did not sign a contract with a dishonest company.
Congratulations!
* The snow flakes did not fade slowly.
* My family did not watch "Pokemon".

Do not forget that when you use an auxiliary the main verb remains
unchanged.
It is time now to see what happens to irregular verbs. Basically, they
follow the same structure of the regular verbs, but you cannot just add
-ed to the infinitive. These verbs have their own form for the past:

* write -------> wrote
* see -------> saw
* bring -------> brought
* take -------> took
* sing -------> sang
* come -------> came

Irregular Verbs;